Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 40, Book 1, 2005

EDITOR-IN- CHIEF
Prof. DSc Rumen I. Dimitrov
Department of Fundamentals of ChemicalTechnology,
Tel: (+ 359 2) 62 54 485
University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,
8 Kl. Ohridski ., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
E-mail: rumen@uctm.edu

Chapters:

 

Review
EW APPROACHES ON THE SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICALLY TOLLERANT ORGANIC PRODUCTS
T. Konstantinova
Chemical Technology
 ANIONIC BLOCK COPOLIMERIZATION OF HEXANELACTAM AND DODECALACTAM IN THE PRESENCE OF A POLYMERIC ACTIVATOR.
Kr. Zhilkova, D. Bozukova, R. Mateva
TREATMENT OF OILY POLLUTED SOIL USING LIGNIN FIBROUS COMPOSITIONS
S. Nenkova, P. Nikolova
GLASS FORMATION IN THE Ag2O - SeO2 - MoO3 SYSTEM
Y. Dimitriev1, A. Bachvarova1, R. Yordanova2
ROCESSES TAKING PLACE IN THE WASTE DUMPS FROM MINING AND ORE DRESSING: (II) METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MINING WASTE DUMPS
J. Ninov1, M. Majdrakov2, I. Grancharov3, A. Lenchev1
EFFECT OF GLUCOSE ON BIOLOGICAL PULPING OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC AGRO-RESIDUE USING Tremetes versicolor
Sk. Masud Hossain1*, N. Anantharaman 2
ON THE ULTRAMARINE PRODUCTION
L. Angelov
Chemical Engineering
 MULTI-COMPONENT ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS BY ION EXCHANGE RESIN AMBER JET 1200Na. EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS
E. Hristova, I. Tsibranska
Chemical Sciences
 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON 1,3-PROPANEDIOL ADSORPTION AT Pt, Au AND A Pt-Au ALLOY ELECTRODE IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM
S. Kalcheva , P. Iotov
 Technical Scieances
 A METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS WITH OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
A. Andonov
SURFACE STATES OF THE p-Si/GeSe INTERFACE
S.Parvanov1, V.Vasilev1, C.Vodenicharov1, V.Vachkov2
PELLETIZER FOR ELASTOMERS AND ELASTOMER COMPOSITIONS
A. Mirew

 

NEW APPROACHES ON THE SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICALLY TOLLERANT ORGANIC PRODUCTS
T. Konstantinova

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Organic Synthesis Department 8 Kl. Ohridsky,1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
E-mail: konst@uctm.edu
 Received 28 February 2005
Accepted 10 March 2005

A review of the basic ecological problems related to the application of some products of the fine organic synthesis, as dyes, stabilizers and pesticides is made. Modern approaches for their solution are pointed out. The contributions of the team from the Department of Organic synthesis on the synthesis of new modified derivatives with ecologically tolerant application are described. The exposition includes scientific products of six Ph.D. theses supervised by the author and a number of joint-research investigations with scientists from the Technical University and the Institute of Ecological Chemistry-Munich, as well as the Universities of Leeds (UK), Lyon (France) and Barcelona (Spain).
Keywords: ecological problems, dyes, pesticides, stabilizers, polymers.

 

ANIONIC BLOCK COPOLIMERIZATION OF HEXANELACTAM AND DODECALACTAM IN THE PRESENCE OF A POLYMERIC ACTIVATOR.
Kr. Zhilkova, D. Bozukova, R. Mateva

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Department of Plastics Technology 8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd.,1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: rpm@uctm.edu
 Received 11 October 2004
Accepted 04 January 2005

Block copolymers with an elastic polypropyleneoxide (PPO) block in the main chain of polyamide (PA-6/12), were synthesized via activated anionic polymerization of both dodecalactam (DL) and hexanelactam (HL) in the presence of a basic initiator a sodium salt of HL (Na-HL) and a polymeric activator (PAC). The PAC was from carbamoil derivatives of hydroxy- terminated PPO and isophorone diisocyanate (IPh, 5-isocyanate-1-isocyanatomethyl-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane, and blocked with hexanelactam (HL). The isolated copolymers were characterized by 1H-NMR and IR-FT spectroscopy. The regularities and the rate of copolymerization were studied as functions of polymerization conditions and HL/DL ratios. The exhaustion of the comonomers during the reaction time was followed gravimetrically and by 1H-NMR and IR-FT spectroscopy. Investigations concerning this topic have not been published in the literature up to now.
Keywords: copolyamide, copolymerization, activated anionic polymerization, lactams.

 

TREATMENT OF OILY POLLUTED SOIL USING LIGNIN FIBROUS COMPOSITIONS
S. Nenkova, P. Nikolova

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Department of Plastics Technology 8 Kl. Ohridski,1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: nenkova@uctm.edu
 Received 20 December 2004
Accepted 14 January 2005

The possibility for cleaning of soil from oil pollution by using lignin fibrous compositions based on technical hydrolysis lignin and waste short fibres (wool shoddy) are examined. The sorption ability of the compositions toward oily polluted soil has been investigated by the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the water passed through the treated soil. The best results have been achieved by using of granulated technical hydrolysis lignin with wool shoddy.
Keywords: lignin, wool shoddy, oily polluted soil.

 

GLASS FORMATION IN THE Ag2O - SeO2 - MoO3 SYSTEM
Y. Dimitriev1, A. Bachvarova1, R. Yordanova2

1University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria 2Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: albena_dim@ mail.bg
Received 30 November 2004
Accepted 09 December 2004

The glass formation regions for the Ag2O-SeO2-MoO3 system have been determined at the cooling rate of the melts 1000C/min. It is a continuation of our previous works where binary and multi component selenite glasses with the participation of non traditional network formers such as: MoO3, V2O5, TeO2 and Bi2O3 have been obtained. The stable glasses were synthesized in the range 15 – 25 mol % Ag2O, 17 – 70 mol % SeO2 and 15 – 66 mol % MoO3. They are situated near the SeO2–MoO3 site of the phase diagram. It has been established by IR spectroscopy that the main structural units, which form the amorphous network are SeO3, MoO6 and MoO4 groups. On the basis of the structural peculiarities, conclusions are drawn about the glass forming tendency in this selenite system.
Keywords: selenites, glass formation, structure, units, amorphous network.


PROCESSES TAKING PLACE IN THE WASTE DUMPS FROM MINING AND ORE DRESSING: (II) METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MINING WASTE DUMPS
J. Ninov1, M. Majdrakov2, I. Grancharov3, A. Lenchev1

1 Sofia University”St. Kliment Ohridsky” Faculty of Chemistry 1 J. Bouchie.,1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: jninov@chem.uni-sofia.bg
2 University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilsky” Sofia, Bulgaria
3 University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 Kl. Ohridski, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
 Received 27 January 2005
Accepted 10 February 2005

In the present work an analysis is made of the state of the mine dumps and the tailing impoundments for technological wastes from the mining and dressing of ores of heavy non-ferrous metals in this country. The worldwide experience in the treatment of such wastes is also considered in order to restrict the processes leading to the formation of acid mine drainage. The results obtained served as a basis for the development of a methodology for shaping, re-cultivation and treatment of the mine dumps and their acid drainage waters in order to ensure reliable environmental protection.
Keywords: acid mine drainage, waste dumps, mining waste, environmental protection.


EFFECT OF GLUCOSE ON BIOLOGICAL PULPING OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC AGRO-RESIDUE USING Tremetes versicolor
Sk. Masud Hossain1*, N. Anantharaman 2

1*Department of Chemical Engineering Mohamed Sathak Engineering College
1*Kilakarai 623 806, India
2Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirapalli 620 015, India 		Received 23 January 2005
Accepted 28 February 2005

A comparison is made for the performance of the white-rot fungus Tremetes versicolor for lignin biodegradation of the lignocellulosic agro-residue wheat straw with and without amendment of glucose as carbon source and l-alanine as nitrogen source. The highest lignin biodegradation was observed with Tremetes versicolor 64.35 % w/w of what straw with optimum glucose and l-alanine dose. The optimum time of lignin biodegradation maximum was 16 days for the white-rot fungi. The temperature of lignin biodegradation was maintained at 40°C and the optimum pH of lignin biodegradation was maintained at 4.5 respectively. 30 % v/v and 7 days age-old innoculum culture was used for the biopulping studies.
Keywords: biodegradation, biopulping, innoculum, lignin, optimum, white-rot fungi.

 

ON THE ULTRAMARINE PRODUCTION
L. Angelov

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 8 “Kliment Ohridski, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: kangelov@abv.bg
 Received 16 August 2004
Accepted 10 January 2005

The elaboration of the present technology for production of the well known inorganic pigment in blue – ultramarine is the subject of the present study. The known manufacturing process is heavy in a technological plan, has many stages and low ecological compatibility. This paper is focused on simplification of the process in: one-stage thermal treatment, environment matching and large resources. The in-depth study of the thermal processes, properties of the potential raw materials, possibilities for consequent organization of the processes of reduction and oxidation leads to the need for determination of the conditions for one-stage thermal treatment; the adequate reagents and their concentrations; some nuances in blue with practical application.
The pigments obtained were tested with a photo-electronic colorimeter in comparison with a commercial standard sample.
The influence of the initial chemical composition, the possibilities for one-stage realization of the two main processes for ultramarine production, and more specifically full degree of interaction in reducing atmosphere and oxidation of the product of this interaction have been studied .
Keywords: pigments, ultramarine, blue pigments.

 

 

FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON 1,3-PROPANEDIOL ADSORPTION AT Pt, Au AND A Pt-Au ALLOY ELECTRODE IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM
S. Kalcheva , P. Iotov

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,
8 Kl. Ohridski, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
E-mail: sk@uctm.edu
 Received 02 November 2004
Accepted 11 January 2005

Further considerations on the adsorption of 1,3-propanediol on Pt, Au and Pt-Au alloy electrodes in an alkaline medium are presented. The data used is obtained with the application of a linear potential-sweep technique varying the adsorption time from 1s to 1000 s and the temperature from 283.2 K to 323.2 K. The values of the fractional degree of coverage are calculated using the charge required for the adsorbate oxidation, the true electrode surface and the total number of electrons exchanged in the alcohol electrooxidation at the studied electrode materials. The kinetics of the activated chemical adsoprion proceeding at Pt and the alloy electrode is described by Roginskii-Zeldovich equation and the values of the adsorption rate constants are evaluated. The enthalpy of activation is 20 kJ mol-1 and 14 kJ mol-1 for Pt and the alloy, respectively. The corresponding values of the entropy of activation are -119 J mol- 1K-1 and -129 J mol-1K-1. The non-activated electrosorption taking place on Au is adequately described by Frumkin’s isotherm. The values of the interaction parameter and the equilibrium constant are determined. The temperature dependence of the latter provides the evaluation of the standard enthalpy and standard entropy of adsorption which are found equal to -7.033 kJ mol-1 and -108 J mol-1K-1, respectively. All data obtained is in full agreement with the concepts on the electrocatalytic activity of the studied materials.
Keywords: adsorption, 1,3-propanediol, platinum, gold, platinum-gold alloys, Roginski-Zeldovich equation, Frumkin’s isotherm.